Answers.

1. July 4 celebrates the Declaration of Independence in the United States. For those Marxists who follow the tradition of the CPUSA, the declaration was

b. a decisive moment in history declaring and advancing a bourgeois (capitalist) democratic and anti-colonial revolution.

2. July 14 celebrates the fall of the Bastille and the beginnings of the French Revolution. For those Marxists who follow the tradition of the CPUSA, July 14 was

c. the beginning of a bourgeois (capitalist) political revolution against an absolutist monarchy and a feudal aristocratic landlord class.

3. Cubans celebrate July 26, a historic date known for

d. the failed 1953 uprising led by Fidel Castro against the Batista dictatorship which was a harbinger of the later successful Cuban socialist revolution.

4. Those who see revolutions in terms of straight-line victories (which Karl Marx warned against) should remember that the month of July also saw

a. the defeat in revolutionary Russia (1917) of the Bolshevik-led uprising against the provisional government.

5. Tom Paine’s writings were an influential force in both the American and French revolutions, serving to mobilize masses to support the former and to defend the latter from its international enemies. In these writings Paine

a. challenged the religious and secular rationales for monarchy and aristocracy.
b. defined as universal rights what rulers then called “privileges” for elites and what conservatives today disparage as “entitlements.”
c. defended the revolutions from external and internal enemies while opposing slavery in the U.S., the terror in France, and other destructive institutions and practices of revolutionary states and societies.
d. All of the above

Score: 0 wrong: Theoretician. Write an article! Teach a class!!

1 wrong: Developed Marxist. Form a study group, join the party.

2 to 3 wrong: Class conscious worker – study harder.

4 to 5 wrong: Danger! deviations possible. study and then study some more lest you drift into the marsh of opportunism!