1. As Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed the theory that would come to be called Marxism, they

b. were responding to both workers’ struggles and various groups advocating policies that were called socialism and communism.

2. Marx and Engels called their developing philosophy “scientific socialism” because

a. they saw capitalism as a developing mode of production to be analyzed in terms of its structure and function.
b. they were influenced by Charles Darwin’s use of the scientific method to develop evolutionary theory, and they sought to similarly apply the scientific method to the study of society in order to discover the laws of social development.
c. they rejected the idea that socialism could be established by building cooperative communities or settlements outside of the existing society that would serve as refuges from capitalism, calling this politics-free approach “Utopian Socialism.”
d. All of the above

3. Marx believed that a socialist movement would develop rapidly in the U.S. after the Civil War because

c. the U.S. had no feudal classes to retard industrial capitalist development after the slaveholders were destroyed as a class.

4. In his optimism about the development of socialism in the U.S., Marx underestimated

b. the ruling class’ ability to divide the working class on the basis of religious, ethnic, gender, and race differences, especially after more than two centuries of a brutal system of racialized chattel slavery.

5. Marxism, and the Communist parties of the world today, remain more relevant than ever because

a. capitalism’s use of the advances in science and technology has greatly increased poverty and inequality all around the world.
b. capitalism’s use of the advances in science, technology, and mass production has globalized and increased mass destruction, especially the devastation produced by militarism and war.
c. capitalism’s use of advances in science and technology has created a global environmental crisis that threatens natural resources and human and animal life.
d. All of the above

Your score:

0 wrong: Theoretician. Write an article! Teach a class!!

1 wrong: Developed Marxist. Form a study group, join the party.

2 to 3 wrong: Developing Marxist. Keep studying and stay in the struggle!

4 to 5 wrong: Danger! Deviations possible. Study and then study some more lest you drift into the marsh of opportunism!