October  means the World Series and Indigenous Peoples Day.  Throughout the 20th century, October meant for billions throughout the world,  the “October Revolution.” The Soviet Socialist Revolution was both revered and reviled as no other revolution had been in all of history.  This October is the 102 anniversary of that Revolution and this IQ is dedicated to it, even though fact checkers would rightly point out that the revolution occurred in October only on the medieval calendar still in use in Czarist Russia (the date on the calendars used in Europe and the U.S. was November 7.

1. As they ended their work and lives in the last decades of the 19th century, both Marx and Engels saw Czarist Russia as:

a.  A place where socialist revolution was impossible;
b.  A dangerous power threatening “Western Civilization;”
c.  A semi-feudal empire on the brink of a bourgeois (capitalist revolution);
d.  A nation whose working class would soon establish socialism.

2. The Russian Revolution of 1905:

a.  Ended with the establishment of a liberal constitutional monarchy
b.  Saw the formation of peoples councils (Soviets) that serve as a “dress rehearsal” for the October Revolution;
c.  Led the Czar to proclaim religious freedom and the separation of church and state;
d.  Was led by Japanese agents seeking victory for Japan in the Russo-Japanese War.

3. The October Revolution (1917) followed the February Revolution in which:

a.  The masses forced the abdication of the Czar;
b.  Soviets were established along with a provisional government led by bourgeois groups;
c.  The provisional government continued Russia’s involvement in WWI, its payment of its debts to its allies and opposed the land seizures and factory occupations  of the masses;
d.  All of the above.

4. The differences between the two major Russian Marxist parties, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks  in the aftermath of the  February Revolution was that:

a.  The Mensheviks supported the capitalist provisional government as a necessary stage  in the revolution and the Bolsheviks  opposed the provisional government and called for the establishment of a revolutionary government of the Soviets;
b.  The Mensheviks supported Russia’s continued involvement in the war to protect the revolution while the Bolsheviks called for Russia’s withdrawal from the war, an imperialist war, to save and advance the revolution;
c.  The Mensheviks believed that a transition to socialism was impossible because of Russia’s backwardness and the Bolsheviks believed t had a transition to socialism was both possible and necessary to prevent a counter-revolution which would end either in Czarist restoration or military dictatorship rather than any capitalist democracy;
d.  All of the above.

5. The October 1917 revolution ended with:

a.  Support from the victorious allied powers and new League of Nations;
b.  Rejection by Workers and Peasants who demanded free market capitalism;
c.  The formation of the Third International (Comintern) and the  rapid globalization of ideas and parties influenced by  the Soviet revolution and an updating of Marxism,  known everywhere as Marxism Leninism;
d.  The defeat of the revolution through foreign military intervention, civil war and general isolation.

Answers.

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